What is NOT considered one of the nine fundamentals of defense?

Strong offensive action is not considered one of the nine fundamentals of defense because the fundamentals of defense primarily focus on strategies and actions that are defensive in nature, aimed at holding ground and maintaining positions against an enemy. These fundamentals are centered around maximizing defensive capabilities, including tactics such as dispersion to reduce vulnerability, all-around defense to ensure coverage from multiple directions, and coordinated fire plans to effectively utilize weaponry in support of the defensive effort.

In contrast, strong offensive action pertains to proactive measures taken to engage and defeat the enemy rather than merely defending against an attack. This fundamental emphasizes engaging the enemy and seizing the initiative, which diverges from the primary focus of defense where the central goal is to protect and sustain one's position rather than to launch attacks. Understanding this distinction helps clarify why strong offensive action does not align with the defensive fundamentals.