When would a counterattack primarily be executed?

A counterattack is primarily executed in response to an enemy attack as a tactical maneuver aimed at regaining initiative after repelling the enemy's forces. During an enemy attack, the defending unit may assess the situation, identify weak points in the enemy's offensive operations, and then launch a counteroffensive to exploit those weaknesses. This approach allows the defending unit not only to push back the enemy but also to potentially reclaim territory and disrupt the enemy's plans.

Executing a counterattack in response to an enemy attack leverages the momentum and potential vulnerabilities created when the enemy is at its most engaged, thereby increasing the likelihood of success. While there can be other circumstances to engage in maneuvers like counteroffensives—such as when the enemy is retreating or to regain lost territory—those conditions are typically not the primary reason for launching a counterattack. Instead, it's the direct engagement with an attacking enemy that dictates the need for an immediate and coordinated response.